1. Introduction: hierarchical structure, disciplines, history, Earth, energy, ecosystem (trophic groups of organisms), food chains. 2. Organism and environment: life, historical influences, distribution of organisms on Earth, the islands, the environment (separation of organisms due to their occurrence, environmental factors-conditions and resources, ecological niche). Periodicity and biorhythms. 3. Abiotic factors: climate, light, air. 4. Abiotic factors: pressure, soil, relationship of organisms to individual factors. 5. Resources, strategies, population: food (supply, defense), trade-off and life strategies, demecology (static and dynamic demographic characteristics). 6. Population ecology: dynamics and its factors, growth models, population cycles, limiting population growth, relationships between populations. 7. The Community: synecology, natural and artificial biocenosis, characteristics of communities (biodiversity, dominance, trophic structure), stratification, succession, the theory of island biogeography, invasion. 8. Ecosystems: biosphere, natural and artificial ecosystems, biomes (terrestrial, aquatic). 9. Biogeography: areal, biogeographical regions. 10. Biogeochemical cycles: biocycles of elements, hydrological cycle, eutrophication. 11. Human Ecology: Homo sapiens sapiens, historical development, threats to biodiversity and man, man and the environment (air, water, soil, waste, environmental disasters). 12. Environmental protection: global devastation, organizations in environment protection, protection of biodiversity, protected areas in the world and in the Czech Republic, biosphere reservations 13. The basic of Landscape ecology, applied ecology, agroecology, space ecology. Statistical data in ecology.
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