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Lecturer(s)
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Koláříková Kateřina, prof. Ing. Ph.D.
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Course content
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The aim of the course is to familiarize students with the interaction of hydrogen with materials, with the problems of hydrogen embrittlement and with the material aspects of hydrogen production, storage and use. 1. Introduction to hydrogen technologies and the role of materials, hydrogen economy, overview of applications and material challenges. Hydrogen as an energy carrier (production, distribution, storage, use). Typical material problems: hydrogen embrittlement, permeation, corrosion, safety. Overview of types of materials used in H technologies.2. Physicochemical properties of hydrogen relevant to materials. Properties of hydrogen, thermodynamic properties of H, molecular vs. atomic hydrogen, dissociation, ions, solubility, diffusion and permeation of hydrogen in materials. Safety aspects (explosivity, leaks, ignition). 3. Interaction of hydrogen with materials. Absorption, adsorption, desorption - surface and bulk processes. Sieverts' law, isotherms, sorption curves. Diffusion, hydrogen traps, influence of microstructure. Basic models of permeation. 4. Hydrogen degradation mechanisms: hydrogen embrittlement (HE), HIC (hydrogen induced cracking), stress corrosion cracking in the presence of H, blisters, exfoliation, Microstructural aspects (segregation, precipitates, interfaces). Influence of stress, cycles, environment. 5. Steels in hydrogen environments (I). Typical pipes and pressure vessels: C-Mn steels, fine grain steels. Influence of composition, purity, heat treatment on hydrogen embrittlement. Operating conditions: pressure, temperature, hydrogen purity. 6. Steels and alloys in hydrogen environments (II). Austenitic and duplex stainless steels, their advantages and limitations. Nickel alloys for extreme conditions. Aluminum, copper, titanium in hydrogen applications. Comparison of mechanical properties, resistance to H and economics. 7. Polymers and composites in hydrogen technologies. Pipes, seals, membranes, inner liners of composite vessels. Composite pressure vessels, fatigue and environmental loads. Aging of polymers under the influence of gases, temperature and UV. 8. Materials for hydrogen storage I: metal hydrides. Basic principle of storage in metal hydrides. Intermetallic compounds (e.g. LaNi, Mg-H systems, high-entropy alloys, Ti-V-Cr alloys). P-T-x diagrams, charge/discharge kinetics. Mechanical problems (particle disintegration, volume changes). 9. Materials for hydrogen storage II: sorption and porous materials. Activated carbon, MOF, zeolites, aerogels. Physisorption vs. chemisorption, influence of surface and porosity. Overview of current trends and limits for practical use. 10. Materials in electrolyzers. Alkaline vs. PEM vs. high temperature (SOEC) electrolyzers. Electrodes, catalysts, membranes, bipolar plates, seals. Degradation mechanisms: corrosion, catalyst dissolution, membrane stress. 11. Materials in fuel cells and combustion systems. PEMFC, SOFC, AFC - key materials (membranes, electrodes, catalysts, carriers). Degradation of membranes, carbon carriers, sintering of catalysts. Materials for internal combustion engines and hydrogen-burning turbines (nozzles, chambers, blades). Synergies and differences compared to fossil fuels. 12. Test methods, standards and qualification of materials for hydrogen environments. Mechanical tests in the presence of hydrogen (SSRT, fatigue crack growth, fracture toughness in H). Permeation, diffusion tests, thermal desorption (TDS). Overview of the main standards and recommendations for the qualification of materials and welds for H applications. 13. Integration into practice, safety and trends. Safety of hydrogen equipment from a material point of view (maintenance, monitoring, NDT). EU and national hydrogen strategies. Sustainability and LCA of materials in hydrogen technologies. Trends in research and industrial development.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Lecture, Practicum
- Contact hours
- 39 hours per semester
- Preparation for an examination (30-60)
- 40 hours per semester
- Preparation for comprehensive test (10-40)
- 24 hours per semester
- Graduate study programme term essay (40-50)
- 30 hours per semester
- Presentation preparation (report) (1-10)
- 8 hours per semester
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| prerequisite |
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| Knowledge |
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| Qualification courses: KMM/NM, KMM/SMA |
| Basic orientation in materials issues. |
| Knows various types of materials and their properties |
| Knows the basic processes that occur in materials under thermal and mechanical loading (diffusion, plastic deformation) |
| Skills |
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| Ability to think logically. |
| Prepare a laboratory protocol. |
| Use Fick's laws. |
| Competences |
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| N/A |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| learning outcomes |
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| Knowledge |
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| Completing the course gives to students ability to orient themselves in the problems of materials at the level necessary for a successful work in mechanical engineering, especially in (nuclear) power engineering. |
| Knowledge of the physicochemical properties of hydrogen and their effect on the interaction of hydrogen with metals, polymers and composites. |
| Knowledge of the mechanisms of hydrogen-induced degradation of materials, in particular types of hydrogen embrittlement, hydrogen induced cracking and the influence of microstructure and stress. |
| Knowledge of the principles of material selection and qualification for hydrogen technologies, including an overview of key testing methods and relevant technical standards. |
| Skills |
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| Analyse the behaviour of different classes of materials in hydrogen environments and assess the risk of hydrogen degradation for a given application. |
| Interpret results of material testing in hydrogen (e.g. mechanical, fracture-mechanical, permeation and sorption tests) and use them to evaluate the suitability of materials for hydrogen technologies. |
| Competences |
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| N/A |
| N/A |
| N/A |
| teaching methods |
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| Knowledge |
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| Practicum |
| Multimedia supported teaching |
| Individual study |
| Lecture supplemented with a discussion |
| Skills |
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| Multimedia supported teaching |
| Laboratory work |
| Students' portfolio |
| Competences |
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| Multimedia supported teaching |
| Students' portfolio |
| assessment methods |
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| Knowledge |
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| Combined exam |
| Seminar work |
| Group presentation at a seminar |
| Test |
| Skills |
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| Skills demonstration during practicum |
| Seminar work |
| Competences |
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| Combined exam |
| Group presentation at a seminar |
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Recommended literature
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Fiala, Jaroslav; Mentl, Václav,; Šutta, Pavol. Struktura a vlastnosti materiálů. Praha: Academia, 2003. ISBN 80-200-1223-0.
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H.S. Maurya, F. Akhtar. Hydrogen embrittlement mitigation by surface modification: A review on current advances and future perspectives. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 199. 2026.
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Jieduo Guan, Chengguang Lang, Xiangdong Yao. Innovative carbon-based materials for efficient hydrogen storage: A review of solid, gaseous, and liquid systems. Progress in Materials Science 157. 2026.
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Pilous, Václav. Spolehlivost svarových spojů nových žáropevných ocelí v energetickém strojírenství. 2008.
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Ptáček, Luděk. Nauka o materiálu II. Brno. 2002.
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Rong Qian, Suyue Hao, Xingjian Zou, Ruotong Zhao, Ronghua Li, Kuok Ho Daniel Tang. Technological developments and feasibility of hydrogen energy systems: production, storage, and distribution. Fuel 409. 2026.
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