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Lecturer(s)
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Schuster Miloš, doc. Ing. Ph.D.
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Hejda Jindřich, MUDr. Ph.D.
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Jantač Ivan, MUDr. Ph.D., MBA
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Course content
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Lectures: 1.Introduction into a course. The main biogenic molecules. Aminoacids and proteins.Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins. 2.Enzyms - structural, functional and thermodynamic aspects.Kinetics of enzymatic reactions. The regulation of enzymes. Activators and inhibitors of enzymatic reations. Isoenzymes and their theraputical and diagnostic significance. 3. Introduction to a chemistry and metabolism of saccharides. Basics of metabolism: Anaerobic and aerobic glycolyses. Conversion of pyruvate, oxidative decarboxylation of alpha-keto acids. Citrate cycle. 4. Thermodynamics of biochemical reactions. Macroergic compounds. Redox reactions as the main source of energy metabolism. Tissue respiration and its individual components. The proton gradient generation and a production of ATP. 5. Pentose cycle. Gluconeogenesis. UDP saccharide derivatives. Glykogen. The metabolism of galactose and fructose. Carbohydrates in the diet. 6. Introduction to a chemistry and metabolism of lipids. The structure and distribution of lipids.Fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis.Ketone bodies metabolism. The metabolism of triglycerides.Formation and importance of phospholipids and glycolipids. 7. Cholesterol, biosynthesis, distribution, bile acids. Plasma lipoprotein metabolism, the role of apolipoproteins. Steroid hormones. Metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids and eicosanoids. Structure and function of biomembranes. 8. Overview of the metabolism of proteins and amino acids. Direct and indirect deamination. Detoxification of ammonia, urea cycle. Metabolism of glutamate, aspartate, alanine, proline, arginine, cysteine, methionine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine and tyrosine. PKU. 9. Tetrahydrofolate and one-carbon fragments. Metabolism of glycine, serine, threonine, lysine, histidine and tryptophan. Biosynthesis of porphyrins and their degradation. Bile pigments, icterus. 10. Biosynthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides and their degradation. Structure and function of DNA and RNA. The biosynthesis of DNA, DNA structures repair. Transcription of DNA and its regulation. The origin and role of rRNA, tRNA and mRNA. 11. Genetic code and mutation. The mechanism of protein synthesis. The gene structure and gene expression. Viral replication. DNA manipulation, cloning, relevance to medicine. PCR and its medical applications. Diagnostic methods using DNA and RNA. 12. Hemoglobin and its role. Immunoglobulins, structure and mechanism of gene reconstruction and expression. Immunoglobulin family. Muscle metabolism. Biochemistry of nervous tissue. The main neurotransmitters. 13. Biochemistry of liver. Xenobiochemistry and biotransformation. Nutrition and starvation. Internal environment of the human organism. Acid-base balance. 14. Antimetabolites and their significance in biochemistry and medicine. Free radicals, their creation, operation, and protection against them. Regulation of metabolism. 15. Repetition, tutorials, credit test.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Lecture
- Contact hours
- 60 hours per semester
- Preparation for an examination (30-60)
- 40 hours per semester
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| prerequisite |
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| Knowledge |
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| charakterizovat základní metabolické procesy v lidském organismu |
| learning outcomes |
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| vysvětlit princip působení enzymů v lidském organismu a jejich význam v diagnostice |
| charakterizovat obecné principy metabolismu, vyjmenovat klíčové meziprodukty a popsat jejich vzájemné vztahy |
| vysvětlit princip energetiky biochemických reakcí a membránového transportu, princip regulace a ovlivnění metabolismu |
| prokazovat široké znalosti o regulaci a udržování vnitřního prostředí, významu vody, minerálních látek a pufrovacích systémech lidského organismu |
| teaching methods |
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| Multimedia supported teaching |
| Lecture |
| assessment methods |
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| Oral exam |
| Test |
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Recommended literature
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KODÍČEK, Milan, Olga VALENTOVÁ a Radovan HYNEK. Biochemie: chemický pohled na biologický svět. 3. přepracované vydání.. Praha: Vysoká škola chemicko-technologická v Praze, 2022. ISBN 978-80-7592-124-6.
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LEDVINA, Miroslav, Alena STOKLASOVÁ a Jaroslav CERMAN. Biochemie pro studující medicíny. 3. vydání.. Praha: Univerzita Karlova, nakladatelství Karolinum,, 2020. ISBN 978-80-246-4748-7.
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MURRAY, Robert K. a kol. Harperova ilustrovaná biochemie.. Praha : Galén, 2013. ISBN 9788072629077.
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TOMANDL, Josef, Jiří DOSTÁL, Hana PAULOVÁ a Eva TÁBORSKÁ. Základy lékařské chemie a biochemie. 4. dotisk 1. vyd.. Brno: Masarykova univerzita, 2020. ISBN 978-80-210-6973-2.
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