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Lecturer(s)
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Tichá Iva, Doc. MUDr. Ph.D.
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Čechurová Markéta, RNDr.
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Course content
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Seminars 1. Methods of taking biopsy material - biopsy, intraoperative and endoscopic excision, curettage, puncture. 2. Basic procedure for the production of a histological specimen. Fixation - purpose, physical and chemical means, types of fixing fluids. 3. Principles of embedding - paraffin, paraplast, celloidin, water-soluble media. Slide and rotary microtome. Intraoperative biopsy - Cryostat. 4. Cytodiagnosis. Types of cytological samples. 5. Staining of histological sections - reason, types of staining, preparation of dyes. Automated dyeing systems x manual dyeing. 6. Clear coloring. 7. Special/selective staining - identification of specific structures. 8. Histochemistry, identification of polysaccharides, lipids, DNA and enzymes. 9. Neurohistochemistry. 10. Principle of immunohistochemical methods. Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. 11. Immunohistochemical diagnosis of tumors. Immunohistochemistry (vimentin, cytokeratin). 12. Electron microscopy - specifics of specimen collection and preparation. 13. Credit test. A Lab exercise 1. Division of the pathology laboratory section. Reception laboratory equipment, biopsy guide. 2. Collection of material for histological examination. Fixation. Watering. 3. Slicing. Gluing the sections to the glass slides. Trimming. Intraoperative biopsy - cryostat. 4. Processing of cytological material - types of cytological samples, preparation of cytological preparations, coatings, cytoblocks. Cytospin. 5. - 6. Hematoxylin-eosin, Alcian blue, Weigert-van Gieson, trichromes. 7. - 8. Giemsa staining, staining for reticulin, elastin, collagen. 9. - 10. Methyl violet and Congo red for amyloids, neurohistology. 11. Evidence of inorganic substances. 12. - 13. Making preparations from hard tissues
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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- Contact hours
- 65 hours per semester
- Preparation for comprehensive test (10-40)
- 15 hours per semester
- Preparation for an examination (30-60)
- 30 hours per semester
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| prerequisite |
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| Knowledge |
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| to describe the microanatomical structure of tissues, organs and organ systems |
| Skills |
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| to classify individual tissues and identify them in histological sections |
| Competences |
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| N/A |
| learning outcomes |
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| Knowledge |
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| will describe methods of collecting histological material and explain the technique of processing a sample of tissue or cells for microscopic analysis |
| characterizes individual types of staining |
| defines a rapid procedure for the preparation of a histological specimen during an intraoperative biopsy, |
| defines the specifics of sampling, fixation, embedding, sectioning and contrast for electron microscopy |
| describes the general scheme of the immunohistochemical protocol |
| will explain the procedure for processing hard tissues for histological examination |
| will describe the principle of neurohistological methods |
| Skills |
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| independently performs fixation, embedding, staining and sectioning of tissues |
| smears a sample of cytological material on a glass slide and stains it |
| fixes the collected tissue sample for immunohistochemical examination in such a way as to preserve the morphology of tissue structures and antigenicity and minimize the occurrence of artifacts |
| Competences |
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| N/A |
| teaching methods |
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| Knowledge |
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| Seminar |
| Skills |
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| Laboratory work |
| Competences |
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| Seminar |
| assessment methods |
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| Knowledge |
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| Test |
| Oral exam |
| Skills |
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| Practical exam |
| Skills demonstration during practicum |
| Competences |
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| Oral exam |
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Recommended literature
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ČÍŽKOVÁ, Kateřina. Základy histochemických metod. 1. vydání.. Olomouc: Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci, 2018. ISBN 978-80-244-5316-3.
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JIRKOVSKÁ, Marie. Histologická technika: základy. Druhé, doplněné vydání.. Praha : Galén, 2017. ISBN 978-80-7492-325-8.
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Kim S SUVARNA & Christopher LAYTON & John D. BANCROFT. Bancroft's Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques. 8th Edition.. Elsevier, 2019. ISBN 978-0-7020-6864-5.
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