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Lecturer(s)
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Tichá Iva, Doc. MUDr. Ph.D.
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Course content
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1. Basic functional and structural components of motor skills - motor unit, proprioceptive mechanisms determining the functionality of skeletal muscle (muscle spindle, tendon body). 2. Basic functional and structural components of motor skills - exteroceptive and articular information and their influence on motor skills. 3. Reciprocal innervation, alpha and gamma motoneurons, myotatic system and their use in clinical practice. 4. Motor unit - neurophysiological principle of activity, recruitment of motor units. 5. Levels of muscle tone regulation (myofascial, spinal, subcortical, cortical). 6. Control of motor functions at the level of the reticular formation. The limbic system and individual motor skills, the importance of motivation. 7. Influence of the basal ganglia in the individual's motor skills. 8. Pyramidal and extrapyramidal system. 9. Central gait pattern generators (CPG), physiology and pathophysiology of gait. 10. Cerebellum and its involvement in the individual's motor skills - functional and morphological division. 11. Vestibular system and individual motor skills. 12. Neural plasticity - definition, types, examples. 13. Somatosensory system, nociception. 14. Cortical reorganization. 15. Credit test.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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- Preparation for comprehensive test (10-40)
- 20 hours per semester
- Preparation for an examination (30-60)
- 30 hours per semester
- Contact hours
- 30 hours per semester
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| prerequisite |
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| Knowledge |
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| define the terms motor unit, muscle tone, proprioception, nociception |
| describe the anatomy and physiology of the neuromuscular system |
| Skills |
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| differentiate individual levels of motor control |
| Competences |
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| N/A |
| learning outcomes |
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| Knowledge |
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| explain the function of the motor unit and its role in movement |
| define the function of muscle spindles and tendon bodies in the regulation of muscle activity |
| explain the principle of influencing motor and movement patterns by exteroceptive and articular stimuli |
| explain the neurophysiological principles of activity and recruitment of motor units |
| describe the role of the reticular formation and the limbic system in motor skills and the importance of motivation |
| characterizes the physiology and pathophysiology of walking |
| defines the somatosensory system and processes associated with nociception |
| characterizes the influence of the basal ganglia, cerebellum and vestibular system on motor skills |
| explain the importance and function of the pyramidal and extrapyramidal systems in movement control |
| describes the processes and importance of cortical reorganization |
| defines neural plasticity |
| Skills |
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| applies neuromuscular principles to clinical practice |
| distinguishes different levels of muscle tone regulation |
| Competences |
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| N/A |
| teaching methods |
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| Knowledge |
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| Lecture |
| Lecture supplemented with a discussion |
| Skills |
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| Lecture |
| Lecture supplemented with a discussion |
| Competences |
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| Lecture supplemented with a discussion |
| Lecture |
| assessment methods |
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| Knowledge |
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| Oral exam |
| Test |
| Skills |
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| Oral exam |
| Competences |
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| Oral exam |
| Test |
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Recommended literature
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Králíček, Petr. Úvod do speciální neurofyziologie. Čtvrté vydání. 2023. ISBN 978-80-7492-641-9.
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OATIS, Carol A. Kinesiology: The mechanics and Pathomechanics of Human Movement. 3rd ed.. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2016. ISBN 978-1451191561.
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