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Lecturer(s)
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Kopecký Aleš, doc. RNDr. Ph.D.
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Ožana Stanislav, prof. Ing. CSc.
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Bouda Adam, Doc. doktor technických věd
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Course content
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Topics of lectures by weeks: 1st week: Thermal energy, heat, temperature. Basic relations and equations for laminar flow and convection: tensor of tension in fluid, state-, Navier-Stokes-, continuity equation and derivation of energy equation. Simplification of energy equation to Fourier-Kirchhof equation, temperature field, Biot-Fourier law and heat conductivity. 2nd week: Newton´s law for convective heat transfer. Equations describing turbulent flow and heat transfer working with fluctuations of velocity, temperature, pressure and density (Van Driest and Reynolds modifications). Prandtl´s model for turbulent shear stress and heat flux. 3rd week Geometric, time, physical and boundary conditions. Derivation of similarity criterions. Process of criterion equation preparation. 4th week: Heat conduction in a body of simple geometry at steady conditions. Thermal insulation. The thermal balances method of elementary volumes. Steady heat conduction in a thin metal bar and in a cylindrical cross rib. 5th week: Unsteady heat conduction solved by analytical methods: aperiodic and periodic cases. Unsteady temperature field solved numerically and graphically. 6th week: Convection. Velocity and temperature boundary layer. Definitions of substitute layers. Distribution of velocity and temperature in boundary layer (Pohlhausen method). Integral equation of temperature boundary layer. 7th week: Calculation of heat transfer coefficient on a plate by using integral equations for velocity and temperature boundary layer. Calculation of heat transfer at a high temperature gradient. Natural convection: derivation of appropriate similarity criterions and implementation of valid criterion equation for some frequent cases: vertical wall, horizontal cylinder and some gaps. 8th week: Forced convection in tubes and channels. Derivation of corresponding similarity criterions and presentation of criterion equations for channels, cross flown tubes and tube bundles. Problems of channels inlet parts. Heat transfer in boiling liquid and in condensing steam. 9th week: Heat exchangers including special ones (heat tube, vortex tube..). Diffusion of mass, Fick´s law, similarity of the heat convection equations and mass diffusion. 10th week: Heat radiation. Basic 4 principles: Planck´s-, Stefan-Boltzmann's-, Kirchhof´s- and Lambert´s law. Radiation between parallel plates and between walls, one of which surrounds the other. Radiation between generally orientated surfaces is solved as well. Emissivity of gases. Topics of seminars by weeks 1st week: Steady temperature profile in a plate and a cylindrical wall with internal heat source and conductivity depending on temperature at different boundary conditions. 2nd week: 1st test (10 min.). Unsteady temperature field in a body solved by Fourier method. 3rd week: Numerical solution of 2D temperature field by net method and method of heat balances. 4th week: 2nd test. 2-D steady tasks solved by approximate method utilizing shape factor. Assignment of the 1st semester work. Solution of the laminar boundary layer. 5th week: 3rd test. Calculation of the turbulent boundary layer. 6th week: 4th test. Natural convection on a horizontal and vertical cylinder. 7th week: Heat transfer in the cross flown tube bundle. Thermal design of a horizontal steam condenser. 8th week: 5th test. Boiling liquid. Descending of condensate film on a vertical surface. Assignment of the 2nd semester work. 9th week: Mass transfer in a calm and in a flowing 2-phase medium 10th week: 6th test. Radiant heat exchange among surfaces of stiff bodies.
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Learning activities and teaching methods
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Lecture with practical applications, Seminar classes
- Graduate study programme term essay (40-50)
- 40 hours per semester
- Preparation for an examination (30-60)
- 40 hours per semester
- Contact hours
- 65 hours per semester
- Preparation for formative assessments (2-20)
- 12 hours per semester
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| prerequisite |
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| Knowledge |
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| understand mathematical operations and problem solving at the level of undergraduate mathematics for mechanical engineers |
| explain common phenomena of fluid mechanics and thermomechanics |
| understand the physical description of a fluid mechanics state or process given by an algebraic or differential equation |
| Skills |
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| program the calculation of a simpler physics problem |
| work with any of the commercial calculation or design programs for engineering or energy |
| perform an analytical calculation of a simpler ordinary differential equation or a system of linear algebraic equations |
| Competences |
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| N/A |
| N/A |
| learning outcomes |
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| Knowledge |
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| derive and explain the initial partial differential equations of flow and heat sharing |
| solve conduction, convection and radiation problems using appropriate methods |
| specify similarity criteria and criterion equations in convection for calculating the heat transfer coefficient |
| understand the issue of boiling liquids in containers and boiling pipes, explain the boiling crisis |
| optimization of condensation with different orientation of the cooled surface (horizontal and vertical tube bundles) |
| apply the criterion equations of convection to mass transfer during sublimation and evaporation |
| Skills |
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| solve the temperature field in a solid body numerically under different boundary conditions, using a network or the heat balance method |
| analytically calculate temperatures and heat flows in simple solid bodies under stationary or non-stationary boundary conditions |
| be able to work with criterion equations for determining the coefficient of heat transfer or mass transfer |
| design different types of heat exchangers (regenerators, recuperators, mixing, etc.), determine their parameters, e.g. heat transfer coefficient, mean temperature difference, mass flow, power, etc. |
| Competences |
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| N/A |
| teaching methods |
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| Knowledge |
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| Lecture |
| Practicum |
| Skills |
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| Practicum |
| Lecture |
| Competences |
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| Lecture |
| Practicum |
| assessment methods |
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| Knowledge |
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| Combined exam |
| Skills |
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| Test |
| Seminar work |
| Competences |
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| Oral exam |
| Test |
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Recommended literature
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Jícha, Miroslav. Přenos tepla a látky. Brno : CERM, 2001. ISBN 80-214-2029-4.
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Sazima, Miroslav. Sdílení tepla. 2. vyd, dotisk. Praha : Vydavatelství ČVUT, 1980.
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Šesták, Jiří; Rieger, František. Přenos hybnosti, tepla a hmoty. 2. vyd. Praha : Vydavatelství ČVUT, 2001. ISBN 80-01-01715-X.
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